论证方法有哪些（论证方法）

再比如：

Full ownership of (a book) comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make it a part of yourself is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher’s refrigerator to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good.

再比如：

Unfortunately, offering to give a hand when someone is in need has gone out of style. It used to be a mark of class to give support despite your own financial straits. You didn’t have to empty your purse to help; the point was to show that you really cared and they were not isolated. But with today’s trust crisis, the frequent warning you hear is never to lend money to your friends.

例证法不仅使文章具体生动还会使观点更有说服力。

Does playing games or doing sports with their children deserve more time from parents or helping their children with their schoolwork?

Ours has become a society of mortgage slaves. Ten years ago 8000 yuan per square scared many house buyers away. Today 80,000 yuan per square for the house inside the fifth ring road is considered a boon dropping from the sky. And while five years ago, waiting for the house price to decline was still the hope of some wealthy potential buyers, the potential buyer today is increasingly baffled and completely knocked down without seeing a silver line.

类比就是打比方，例举一个生活中读者都熟悉的、与你要说明的观点具有相同性质的事例，往往能使读者更容易理解你的观点。

比如：

1. 举例论证

Deep insight can be gained only when you engage yourself into the event. An illustration may make the point clear. You wander around the city wondering how spacious room and luxury decoration are hiding behind the bright light cast from every window. But you don’t know detailed display and the comfort until you possess one big house and decorate it out of you own will. I am arguing that deep understanding, too, must be obtained when you get into the room and take part in the design of its layout by yourself.

For one thing, students need to do more sports or outdoor activities to maintain physical and mental health. Under heavy pressure caused by various exams, the students need to get released from the great tension. The reports about some children who couldn’t stand the failure of the exams or the criticisms from teachers and committed suicide are the tragedies which reflect the seriousness of the problems. Therefore, more and more parents have come to realize that spending time with their children to ensure their healthy and happy growth is much more important.

Competition between friends usually causes damage to friendship. Do you agree or disagree?

Certain kinds of competition can indeed be destructive. The danger of competition among friends is particularly acute. I recall from my childhood two close friends, who came to school together and played basketball together. Once a fierce competition between two basketball teams led by both of the two friends tied at the last moment, and one contentious 3-point shot helped one team win but ended their friendship. They have never talked with each other, even meeting face to face.

通过强烈对比突出问题的严重性，比如：

【托福写作高分学好语法词汇和构思 - 】

思想统一，观点体现发展，文章连贯。这些往往通过各种论证方法体现。常见的论证方法有举例论证，对比论证，因果论证和类比法。各举例如下：

4. 类比法

2. 因果论证

3. 对比分析

恰当使用因果论证可以使逻辑有无可辩驳的力量，比如：